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Their work evolved to produce the ASTM specification D2880-90a (ASTM Designation D 2880-90a) . Specifications for heavy and distillate oils used as fuels in gas turbines are partially reproduced in the following Table:
| Property | Designation | |
|---|---|---|
| no. 3-GT (low-volatility low-ash fuel that may contain residual components) | no. 4-GT (low-volatility fuel containing residual components and higher V content than no. 3-GT) | |
| Flash point, °C | 54 or legal limit | 66 or legal limit |
| Water and sediment, % by vol | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Ash, % by weight | 0.03 | - |
| Kinematic viscosity @ 38 °C, cSt | 5.8 (minimum) | 5.8 (minimum) |
| @ 50 °C, cSt | 638 (max) | 638 (max) |
| Sulphur, % by weight | legal limits | legal limits |
| Metals, ppm by weight (maximum) | imposed by turbine manufacturers | |
| Vanadium | 0.5 | |
| Sodium plus Potassium | 0.5 | |
| Calcium | 0.5 | |
| Lead | 0.5 |
Whereas complying with physical properties and sulphur content is the responsibility of the fuel supplier, trace metal values are the responsibility of the turbine operator. These levels are being progressively lowered in order to adapt to modern combustion practice.
As a result of splitting liabilities, gas turbine operators become responsible for prevention of contamination.
The main requirements of any fuel for the use in gas turbines are:
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